Haweswater

Haweswater, set in the remote and rugged landscape of Cumbria, is a place of striking contrasts. From its contentious creation to its current role as a haven for wildlife and a destination for outdoor enthusiasts, Haweswater tells a story of human impact and nature’s resilience. Spanning four miles in length and half a mile in width, this large reservoir is an integral part of the Lake District, offering a glimpse into the past while serving as a vital water source for the present.

The Creation of Haweswater Reservoir

Haweswater’s transformation from a picturesque valley to a reservoir began in 1929. The valley of Mardale, home to the farming villages of Measand and Mardale Green, was chosen as the site for a dam that would provide water to the growing urban areas of north-west England. This decision, sanctioned by Parliament, was met with widespread public outcry. The valley was not only home to a tightly woven community, but also considered one of the most beautiful areas in Westmorland.

The construction of the concrete dam, which spans 1,550 feet in width and rises to 120 feet, raised the natural lake level by 95 feet. This expansion submerged the villages, forever altering the landscape. Buildings, including farms, homes, and the Dun Bull Inn, were dismantled. Even the coffins from Mardale churchyard were exhumed and reburied elsewhere before the church itself was demolished. Today, when water levels drop during periods of drought, remnants of Mardale Green can re-emerge, drawing visitors curious about its haunting history.

The Mystery of Mardale Green

One of Haweswater’s most intriguing features is the submerged village of Mardale Green. When water levels recede during droughts, remnants of the village reappear, including stone walls, gateposts, and the outlines of buildings. These ghostly remains serve as a poignant reminder of the lifestyles and landscapes that were sacrificed for progress.

Visitors often flock to see the ruins, drawn by the eerie sight and the opportunity to walk on land usually hidden beneath the reservoir’s waters. The phenomenon of Mardale Green’s re-emergence keeps its story alive, bridging the gap between past and present.

image of the ruins of Mardale village at low water — The walls around the drowned village of Mardale revealed by an exceptionally
low water level Haweswater. Photo by Ann Bowker

A Controversial Legacy

The creation of Haweswater remains one of the most debated chapters in Lake District history. While it provided a much-needed water supply for Manchester and other regions, the loss of Mardale’s picturesque villages left a deep emotional scar. For many, the reservoir symbolizes the tension between progress and preservation.

The construction marked a turning point in how the natural landscapes of Cumbria were viewed and valued. It spurred debates about the need to balance development with conservation – a dialogue that continues to influence decisions about land and water use today.

The Largest Man-Made Lake in the Lake District

Haweswater is the largest man-made lake in the Lake District and Cumbria, surpassing Thirlmere reservoir in both size and significance. Stretching 4 miles in length, up to half a mile in width, and reaching a maximum depth of 200 feet, it is a testament to engineering blending with nature. Despite its origins as a reservoir, Haweswater harmonizes beautifully with the dramatic surrounding fells, including Harter Fell and High Street. Free from settlements, it offers a remote and tranquil experience, setting it apart from other lakes in the region. Visitors are drawn to its serene beauty, sweeping vistas, and the chance to explore an unspoiled landscape rich in history and natural charm.

image of the aerial view of he thamlet of Burbanks near the Haweswater dam — The hamlet of Burbanks near the Haweswater dam. Aerial photo by Simon Ledingham.

Haweswater Wildlife and Conservation

Haweswater is not just a reservoir; it’s a haven for wildlife. The lake and its surrounding habitats are managed with a focus on conservation, making it an important site for rare species. It was famously home to England’s last golden eagle, which occupied the skies above the valley for years until its disappearance in the early 2000s. Today, efforts to preserve and enhance the ecosystem continue, with birds like peregrine falcons, redstarts, and ring ouzels frequently spotted in the area.

The semi-ancient Atlantic oak woodland of Naddle Forest at RSPB Haweswater provides essential nesting and foraging spaces for red squirrels. Conservation initiatives at the reserve, undertaken in partnership with United Utilities, focus on restoring the upland environment.

Efforts include expanding red squirrel habitats with fruit and nut-bearing trees, enhancing conditions for wading birds, reviving peatlands, and planting native woodlands. These actions aim to harmonize the reservoir’s function as a water source with its rich ecological significance.

Practical Information for Visitors

Reaching Haweswater involves navigating winding roads, but the effort is well worth it. The reservoir is accessible via the village of Shap or through Ullswater, with parking available near the dam. Amenities in the area are limited, so visitors are advised to bring supplies and plan ahead.

Despite its remote setting, Haweswater is a rewarding destination for those who value natural beauty and a sense of history. Whether exploring its trails, reflecting on its legacy, or simply enjoying the peaceful surroundings, it offers an experience unlike any other in the Lake District.

Location : Bampton / Shap – Grid Ref : NY 480140